Vârtop Glacier Cave

A Karstic Jewel of the Apuseni Mountains

Vârtop Glacier Cave, also known as the Wonder Cave or Casa de Piatră Glacier, is one of Romania’s most remarkable subterranean formations. Located in the Bihor Mountains within the commune of Arieșeni in Alba County, the cave houses a unique archaeological treasure: the oldest trace of Neanderthal humans discovered in the country.

History and Scientific Discoveries

Although the cave’s entrance was known to locals for centuries, it wasn’t until 1955 that a team led by Professor Marcian Bleahu first explored its deep galleries. Subsequently mapped by Bleahu and Iosif Viehmann, the cave was declared a natural monument in 1957 and protected by a metal gate. In 1974, research led to the discovery of the "Hall of Footsteps," where a petrified Neanderthal footprint, dated to 62,000 years ago, was identified. This finding solidified the cave’s importance in the study of human evolution.

Subterranean Architecture and Unique Formations

The cave’s entrance, an impressive portal measuring 20 meters wide and 7 meters high, descends into the "Marcian Bleahu Hall," where a seasonal ice block of approximately 1,600 cubic meters forms. From here, the route continues through the "Dome Hall," featuring spectacular montmilch formations and parietal draperies, then to the "Hall of Wonders," renowned for its diversity of speleothems: stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and coralites. The "Great Hall," over 100 meters long, impresses with its stalagmitic domes and calcite crystals, making this cave one of the most beautiful in Romania.

Access and Visiting Conditions

To reach the cave, visitors must follow the road along the Gârda Seacă Valley from the commune of Gârda de Sus to the hamlet of Casa de Piatră. The cave is accessible only in organized groups accompanied by an authorized guide, adhering to ecotourism principles. Access is permitted only after signing a liability waiver, and visits follow a marked trail designed to protect the fragile formations. Opening hours and fees can be checked at the local ticket office.